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Goyescas by Enrique Granados • G&L6

Goya in literature 6

Goya and the music again. This time it’s a tribute in his centenary year to Maestro Enrique Granados and his work Goyescas, inspired in the figure of Don Francisco de Goya.

Enrique Granados y Campiña was born in Lerida on 27 July 1867. Fond of music since childhood, he began piano studies first with José Junceda and already in Barcelona, at the age of twelve, the master Pujol. In 1887 he goes to Paris where he continued his studies for two years under the direction of maestro Charles de Beriot. In 1889 he returned to Barcelona dedicating himself to the composition and the teaching of piano, becoming an important personality in the catalan art scene and founding in 1901 the Granados Academy, artistic focus of enormous influence whose line was then extended with figures like Rosa Sabater and Alicia de Larrocha.

Gifted with exquisite sensitivity and an unsurpassed elegance of ideas, his productions bear an unmistakable hallmark of grace, spontaneity and depth of feelings, especially in those of his works inspired by Spanish popular rhythms and melodic turns.

Goyescas, works for piano, was presented on 11 March 1911 at the Palau de la Música catalana.  The musician is inspired by the figure of Don Francisco de Goya, the painter of the nobility in their classrooms and aristocratic circles; Portrait of monarchs and actresses of farandulas; governors and valid; people joying in countryside environments; majos and majas lovers and gentles; intellectuals and philosophers of the enlightenment period; the traditional sphere and palace poses… And above all, Goya creator of the “Whims”, “Nonsense”, “Disasters of War” and the “Black Paintings”.

Truly goyesco musical themes are popular, in reference to tapestries and fabrics in which the instruments deployed its sound outdoor: “Dancing on the banks of the Manzanares”, “The blind man with the guitar”. We will now cite the words of master Granados on his work:

“I’ve had the joy of finding something great. The “Goyescas”, “Los majos enamorados” already carry much treaded. On their way along the path of truth, a portion of reptiles have been striking in the frog closures of the goyescas garments. Thanks to these creatures so low I’m perfecting me. I served as a point of comparison and without any effort I feel raise – me on them. Forgive”. “Goyescas is a work forever. At this point I am convinced”. “I have composed a collection of “Goyescas” of great flight and difficulty. They are my efforts to arrive. They say that I have arrived. I fell in love with the psychology of Goya; of his palette. He and the Duchess of Alba; its maja (nice) lady, of their models, their quarrels, loves and flattery. That white pink cheeks contrasting with lace and black velvet with frog closures; those bodies of rippling waists, hands of mother-of-Pearl and Jasmine guest houses on azabaches, they have upset me…”.

Goyescas El Pelele is distributed in two books and an independent El Pelele number. The titles are as follows: Los Requiebros, Coloquio en la Reja, Fandango de Candil, Quejas (Complaints), or La Maja y el Ruiseñor (The Maja and the Nightingale), El amor y la Muerte (Love and Death) and El Epílogo (Serenata del Espectro) (the Epilogue (Serenade of the Spectrum)).

The first part opens with Los Requiebros, of great technical importance. It’s a Jota, where rhythms are interspersed with projecting a fantasy and colourful. It is a display of the best contrapuntismo, bright to the peak. The large number of ornaments and ornamentation (trills, mordents, arabesques) suggest teachers such as Scarlatti, Padre Soler and Mateo Albéniz.

It contrasts the Coloquio en la reja, inspired by love and tragedy environment. Magnificent score in which triumph two aspects equally: the instrumental and vocal. It’s required to the interpreter a special sweetness to address these staves full of charm, more spirited, melancholy and sensuality… The master’s own indications make us reflect: “all the basses imitating the guitar”, “ternezza”, “legatto in bass notes” and especially reins “rubato”. We refer to the typically Spanish ‘rubato’, difficult in proportions, elegant but daring.

We are presented with the Fandango de Candil, based on the tune of the Currutacas modestas, as rhythmic dance full of harmonic wealth. The piano is twinned with the guitar, being always faithful to the elegance and consubstantial refinements in Granados. A beautiful melody expressive singing it sandwiched in the middle. The triplet clouds the rhythmic design of the piece, recalling the castanet soniquete.

Quejas, or La Maja y el Ruiseñor, is the most popular and perhaps the most inspired of all fragments. The numerous trills allow hear edges of the maja and the bird. The prevailing romanticism in the entire piece, leaves show through the great passionate tension. It can be considered true gem of the piano repertoire, for its high quality in the preparation and the way. We remember for their adequate interpretation a few indications of the own Granados: “with jealousy of women, not with sadness of the widow”.

el amor y la muerte • Francisco de Goya

10. EL AMOR Y LA MUERTE
CAPRICHO
AGUAFUERTE, AGUATINTA BRUÑIDA Y BURIL
219 X 152 MM.

Granados begins the second part of this collection inspired by the tremendous dialectic love/death, present in the Caprichos of Goya (the title of the number 10 is precisely Love and Death). Perhaps what most surprises us in these pages is the simplicity of form and so little ornate writing. However, the effects are employees with the best taste in the compilation of themes already previously used, extracted parts as discussed in this series. The point is that one in which the subject of the maja takes a painful accent. The indication is significant: “Very expressive and as happiness in pain”.

Finally, it appears the epilogue that encloses the Serenade of the Spectrum that forwards to the feverish fantasy of the last Goya. It is a mysterious “allegretto”, of ghostly intent in the verse. A pure-blooded, tonadillesco, skeletal, spectrum disappears to tuning the strings of his guitar…

Another admirable Goya stamp of Granados is El Pelele, works best as isolated piece that culmination of Goyescas, since his style breaks that soft and dramatic line of which we have spoken. Again shines the Tonadilla, and virtuosity and technical display here take the reins of this page full of bravery, brio and lighting effect that makes the clearest exponent of the maturity of a Granados consolidated.

This previous experience, leads to the composer, in collaboration with his friend and famous writer Fernando Periquet, to compose an opera that take advantage of the same musical material of the piano series, and whose libretto was also chaired by a goyesco environment. According to statements of Periquet and Granados, the main couple is inspired by the own Goya and the Duchess of Alba; Paquiro, bullfighter, is the Martincho that Goya painted in several sequences of La Tauromaquia, and Captain adheres to a character from the series Los Caprichos.

The premiere of the opera Goyescas, intended at first to the Opera of Paris, which was cancelled because of the war, premiered in New York on 28 January 1916 with great success, attended by expressly master Granados accompanied by his wife. There, a few days earlier, and only stepping in to fill a change of scene, was born the «Intermezzo», which was applauded development and had its own independent history as brilliant concert piece. Opera in three pictures ended however, as an unusual and exquisite guest of scenarios, even in their country.

When they returned to Spain, the boat they were travelling was torpe bombed by a German torpedo thus ending this intense creative life on 24 March 1916.

It only remains to sit down and listen to the music of Granados, pure pleasure.

(notes from Internet:)

. Enrique Granados, Goyescas. “Quejas o la maja y el ruiseñor“.

. The treasures of the library.

. Goyescas of Enrique Granados: Goya and Granados in unison).

Discography

Columbia 1957: directs Ataúlfo Argenta and sing Consuelo Rubio, Ana María Iriarte, Manuel Ausensi and Ginés Torrano.

Audivis Valois 1997?: directs Antoni Ros Marbá and sing María Bayo, Ramón Vargas, Enrique Baquerizo and Lola Casariego.

Silvia Pagliano

AniversarioAnniversary

Se han cumplido dos años desde la aparición del blog dedicado a Goya en esta web. Ininterrumpidamente se han ido publicando, mes a mes, los oportunos artículos y colaboraciones que el lector tiene regularmente a su disposición.

En este segundo aniversario estamos preparando una nueva sección o apartado que dedicaremos, en el mismo blog, a Goya en la Literatura. Esperamos la primera aportación para, posiblemente, el mes próximo.

La actividad del blog tiene por tanto un futuro renovado y optimista y desde estas líneas seguimos invitando a colaborar con nosotros a cuantos, interesados en la figura de Goya, nos envíen sus artículos originales.

Zaragoza, Octubre de 2014

It has been two years since the appearance of the blog dedicated to Goya on this website. Continuously it has been posted, month by month, timely articles and collaborations that the reader has available regularly.

On this second anniversary, we are preparing a new section or paragraph that is being dedicated, in the same blog, to Goya in Literature. We hope to post the first contribution for, possibly, next month.

The blog activity has therefore a refreshed and optimistic future, and from these lines we keep inviting to collaborate with us to all those, interested in Goya, send us their interesting articles.

Zaragoza, October 2014

El sueño de la razón produce monstruosThe dream of reason produces monsters

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En un pueblo llamado Codo, justo a 27,2 kilómetros de la casa natal de Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, en Fuendetodos, nació mi abuela materna siglo y pico después de la muerte de aquel. Parece mucho tiempo, pero quizá entre mi abuela y Goya puede haber únicamente unas dos o tres generaciones de diferencia. Pensar en todo ello me hace sentir a Goya no muy lejano.

Junto con mi actividad como pintor, mi vida profesional discurre entre el arte y la Bioneuroemoción.

Bioneuroemoción® es un método científico en el que estudiamos la afección de las emociones en la vida de las personas. Estudiamos nuestro inconsciente personal, el inconsciente familiar y el colectivo-social. Estudiamos cómo afecta todo ello a nuestra mente, a nuestra psique, y por resonancia, a nuestro cuerpo y a nuestras vivencias.

Más que cómo artista, me gustaría dar una visión personal de Goya desde mi actividad profesional de acompañante en Bioneuroemoción. Como pintor, lo que puedo decir es que Goya me maravilla por su genialidad. He observado de cerca sus planchas en la Calcografía Nacional en Madrid, son impresionantes. Se puede apreciar la fuerza de la mano del artista sobre el metal; me emociona. Incluso he podido ver de cerca sus pinturas en los muros de la Cartuja del Aula Dei. También he visto distintas obras suyas en diferentes museos. De todo ello me cautivan sus pinturas negras exhibidas en el museo del Prado.

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Detalle de las pinturas negras.

 

Observo en la obra de Goya los impactos emocionales de la barbarie humana. Con sus imágenes y transcripciones de la realidad de su época, me conmueven las vivencias de la población de entonces. Pienso en ello, y se produce un nudo en el estómago. ¡Cómo somos el género humano! Si reflexiono un poco, quizá lo que más me conmueve es que no hemos cambiado mucho desde entonces, lo cierto es que no hay demasiadas generaciones de diferencia. Seguimos en una misma dinámica. Estamos heredando generación tras generación dicha barbarie, y hombres y mujeres no logramos finalizar con las experiencias traumáticas y dolorosas.

Goya hace consciente el inconsciente de una época. Saca a la luz la sombra humana. La hace presente al ojo del espectador. Da la sensación de que hace uso de una especie de surrealismo pictórico, pero nada más lejos de ello. Pone en relieve la realidad de la España de entonces. Pinta con extremado realismo, o más bien hiperrealismo, la oscuridad pesada del Inconsciente Colectivo –término acuñado por el psiquiatra suizo Carl Gustav Jung, quien postuló la existencia de un sustrato común a los seres humanos de todos los tiempos y lugares del mundo, constituido por símbolos primitivos con los que se expresa un contenido de la psique que está más allá de la razón-.

En sus retratos, Goya muestra con gran gentileza las actitudes personales y las emociones de quien posa para él. Su paleta y sus pinceles expresan a través de una diestra mano, el ser en esencia. Producto de su alto grado de observación sintetiza con varios brochazos el alma de la persona. Su manera de observar, no deja de ser un arte tan o más sublime que el arte de su mano.

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Goya absorbe en su corporalidad y en su psique lo que tiene delante de sus ojos. Realiza una especie de “acto vomitivo” con el pincel y la pintura. Percibe lo que el ojo no puede ver, lo somatiza y lo traduce en manchas de color.

Fe de ello, son sus pinturas negras. Las realizó tras visitar manicomios, cementerios y hospitales de apestados. Aquí se pone de manifiesto la sombra del hombre y la mujer en un absoluto realismo, incluso la sombra del colectivo del propio país. Absorbió y tradujo con pintura, lo que permanece oculto, lo no dicho, el pecado, el ahogo y el desprecio de hermano a hermano. Los monstruos del sueño de una razón sin razón.

No olvidemos también sus grabados, los desastres de la Guerra: las atrocidades hechas y vividas por hombres y mujeres. Quizá Goya, si no hubiese podido expresar –hablar- con sus grabados y pinturas, lo que sus ojos vieron, la realidad de su vida le hubiera llevado a la locura más intensa. Su rabia vital se expresa en la potencia de los trazos sobre el metal de las planchas de los grabados. Creo imaginar que su sordera fue un recurso de su inconsciente biológico para poder soportar tanto sufrimiento. Hizo oídos sordos a la violencia, a la sin razón, a lo peor que el ser humano puede expresar en el mundo físico. Puede que también hiciera mella en él la indiferencia de la nobleza hacia sus congéneres. No me extrañaría que pudiera comprobar de primera mano esa indiferencia de unos hombres y mujeres “nobles” hacia otros hombres y mujeres de los que únicamente les separaba la escala social; una estupidez de castas que la humanidad inventó no sé cuando. Otra sin razón.

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Al final, su salida de España a Francia parece que alivió la sombra que pudo atormentar su mente y su psique. Sólo hay que apreciar el cambio en su pintura, más dócil, más suave, más suelta, como por ejemplo en el cuadro La lechera de Burdeos.

En mi personal alucinación sobre Goya, veo a un hombre dotado de altas capacidades para el arte y la psicología; un gran ingenio para captar lo profundo de las personas. Es un hombre sensible ante lo humano.

Siguiendo con mi alucinación, creo intuir en su forma de observar, una capacidad psicoanalítica fuera de lo común. Sintonizó, como una antena, con la sombra humana. Tradujo con extrema realidad lo escondido, lo oculto en las mentes del inconsciente. También la belleza.

Cierro los ojos, y aquellos monstruos del sueño de la razón aparecen y se hacen reales hoy en día. Liberar la sombra heredada, liberar una razón sin razón.

Quizá la liberación pueda parecer que queda muy lejos de la esencia del corazón, que es el amor. Me atrevo a decir que no está tan lejos. Hay esperanza. Mientra haya un corazón que bombea, hay una luz de esperanza que ilumina nuestras conciencias con la esencia de lo que ya somos y nunca hemos dejado de ser, pese a la barbarie del ego.

Darle las gracias a Don Francisco por su legado tanto artístico como humano. Por su arrojo y su valentía, por su sinceridad de mostrar aquello que muy pocos se atreven a mostrar: los monstruos de la sin razón.

 

Eduardo Cebollada

foto1_realgoya_oct2014My maternal grandmother was born in a town called Codo, just 27.2 kilometers away of the birthplace of Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, in Fuendetodos, century something after his death. It seems long time, but perhaps between my grandmother and Goya may have only a few two or three generations of difference. Thinking about all this makes me feel Goya not too distant.

Along with my activity as a painter, my professional life runs between art and the Bioneuroemotion.

Bioneuroemotion® is a scientific method in which we study the condition of emotions in people’s lives. We study our personal unconscious, the familiar and social-collective unconscious. We studied how all this affects our mind, our psyche, and in resonance, our body and our experiences.

More than as an artist, I would like to give a personal view of Goya from my professional activity of companion in Bioneuroemotion. As a painter, what I can say is that Goya wonders me for his genius. I have closely observed their plates in the National Chalcography in Madrid, they are impressive. You can see the strength of the artist hand on the metal. This excites me. Even I could see his paintings on the walls of the Charterhouse in Aula Dei (near Zaragoza). I have also seen several of his works in different museums. From all this which captivate me are his black paintings exhibited in the Prado Museum.

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Detail of the black paintings.

 

I see in the work of Goya the emotional impacts of human barbarism. With their images and transcriptions of the reality of his time, touch me the experiences of that time population. I think about it, and there is a knot in my stomach. How is the human race! If I think a bit, perhaps what touch me most is that we have not changed much since then; the truth is that there are not too many generations of difference. We continue in a same dynamics. We are inheriting generation after generation this barbarism, and men and women fail to end with the traumatic and painful experiences.

Goya makes conscious the unconscious for a time. It brings to light the human shadow. Does it present to the eye of the observer. It seems that makes use of a kind of pictorial surrealism, but nothing is further from it. Put in relief the reality of the Spain of the time. He paints with extreme realism, or rather hyper-realism, the heavy darkness of the collective unconscious –a term coined by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, who postulated the existence of a substratum common to human beings of all times and places in the world, consisting of primitive symbols that expressed a content of the psyche that is beyond reason-.

In his portraits, Goya shows with great courtesy personal attitudes and emotions of who poses for him. His palette and his brushes expressed through a skilful hand, being in essence. Product of his high degree of observation summarizes with several strokes the soul of the person. His way to observe is no longer an art so or more sublime than the art of his hand.

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Goya absorbs in his physicality and his psyche what has in front of his eyes. He makes a sort of “emetic act” with brush and paint. He sees what the eye cannot see, express and translates it in spot-coloured.

Faith to this is his black paintings. He made them after visiting mental hospitals, cemeteries and extreme penitence and charity hospitals. Here it highlights the shadow of man and woman in an absolute realism, even the shadow of the collective of the country itself. Absorbed and translated with painting, what remain hidden, what is not said, the sin, drowning and contempt for brother to brother. Monsters of a reason dream with no reason.

Let’s not also forget his etchings, Disasters of War: atrocities made and lived by men and women. Perhaps Goya, if had not been able to express -talk- with his engravings and paintings, what his eyes saw, the reality of his life had led him to the more intense insanity. His vital rage is expressed in the power of the strokes on metal plates of the engravings. I imagine that his deafness was their unconscious biological resource to be able to withstand so much suffering. He did turn a deaf ear to violence, to the unreasonably, to the worst that human beings can be expressed in the physical world. It can also do dent in him the indifference of the nobility towards their fellow human beings. It would not surprise me that he could check firsthand that indifference of a few “noble” men and women towards other men and women who only separated them by the social ladder; a stupidity of castes that mankind invented I don’t know when. Another outrage.

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In the end, his departure from Spain to France seems that relieved the shadow that could haunt his mind and psyche. You just have to appreciate the change in his painting, more manageable, softer and looser, as for example in the painting ‘La lechera de Burdeos’ (The milkmaid of Bordeaux).

 

In my personal hallucination about Goya, I see a man endowed with high abilities for art and psychology; a great ingenuity to capture deep in people. He is a man sensitive to the human.

Following my hallucination, I think intuit in his way to observe, a psychoanalytic capacity out of the ordinary. He tuned, like an antenna, with the human shadow. He translated with extreme reality the hidden, unseen in the minds of the unconscious. The beauty too.

I close my eyes, and those monsters of reason dream appear and become real today. Release the inherited shadow; release a reason with no reason.

Perhaps the release may look that is very far from the essence of the heart, which is love. I dare say that it is not so far. There is hope. While there is a heart that pumps, there is a glimmer of hope that illuminates our conscience with the essence of what we are and we have never ceased to be, despite the barbarity of the ego.

I want to thank Don Francisco for his both human and artistic legacy. For his bravery and courage, his sincerity in showing what very few dare to show: the monsters of the outrage.

 

Eduardo Cebollada

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